The Compounding Math of South African Bonds
All major South African retail banks—including First National Bank (FNB), Standard Bank, Absa, Nedbank, SA Home Loans, and Investec—calculate residential mortgage interest using the daily reducing balance method, capitalised monthly onto your loan account. At the end of every calendar day, your bank computes that day's interest charge as:
SA Bank Daily Interest Formula (365-Day Convention):
Daily Interest = (Closing Daily Capital Balance × Annual Nominal Rate) ÷ 365
At the current SARB Prime Lending Rate of 10.75% p.a., a R1 800 000 bond accrues R554.79 in interest every single day (roughly R16 875 in Month 1) out of a R18 887 total monthly debit order.
Because a standard 20-year (240-month) or 30-year (360-month) bond is structured as an equal-instalment annuity, the amortisation curve is heavily front-loaded with interest. During the first 7 years of a 20-year bond at 10.75% Prime, between 78% and 89% of your mandatory payment is consumed by bank interest, leaving only a fraction to reduce the principal debt.
When you pay an extra R1 500 per month—or inject a once-off lump sum early in the loan lifecycle—100% of that extra Rand bypasses interest and directly reduces your capital balance. That lower capital balance then generates less daily interest tomorrow, next month, and for every remaining year of the bond, creating a reverse-compounding snowball that eliminates years of tail-end instalments.